Fabricius, 1775
Exopod of third and first maxilliped without a flagellum; the flagellum of the second maxilliped transformed into a single laminate segment. Orbits on the anterior margin of the carapace, some distance from the anterolateral angle. Body not depressed, but rather high and vaulted. Lateral margin of the carapace with both cervical and postcervical incisions, neither of which is very deep. Lateral margin of the carapace with numerous teeth or squamiform tubercles.
Type Species: by monotypy: Cancer arctus Linnaeus, 1758.
More than 40 species are known in this genus, they are listed below. Most species are small and of no economic value. A few (only 7 are known to me) have been reported from fish markets, but even those can only be considered as accidental bycatch of other species. Hence, a key to species is not presented here, but, short diagnoses are provided for the 7 species reported from fish markets as an aid for their recognition.
List of Species: (This list is still tentative, more new species will be described in the near future. Only the species in bold are described in this version of the Marine Lobsters)
S. aesopius Holthuis, 1960 - Philippines
S. amabilis Holthuis, 1963 - Western Australia
S. americanus (S.I. Smith, 1869) Syn: A. americanus S.I. Smith, 1869; Scyllarus gundlachi (Von Martens, 1872) - West Central Atlantic
S. aoteanus Powell, 1949 - New Zealand
S. arctus (Linnaeus, 1758) - East Central Atlantic
S. aureus Holthuis, 1963 - Indo-West Pacific
S. aurora Holthuis, 1982 - Indo-West Pacific
S. batei Holthuis, 1946 - Indo-West Pacific
S. bertholdii Paulson, 1875 - Indo-West Pacific
S. bicuspidatus (De Man, 1905) Syn: Arctus bicuspidatus De Man, 1905 - Indo-West Pacific
S. brevicornis Holthuis, 1946 - Japan, China
S. caparti Holthuis, 1952 - West Africa
S. chacei Holthuis, 1960 - West Central Atlantic
S. crenatus (Whitelegge, 1900) Syn: Arctus crenatus Whitelegge, 1900 - Eastern Australia
S. cultrifer (Ortmann, 1897), Syn: subs. S.c. meridionalis Holthuis, 1960 - Indo-West Pacific
S. delfini (Bouvier, 1909) Syn: Arctus delfini Bouvier, 1909 - Juan Fernandez, Chile
S. demani Holthuis, 1946 - Indo-West Pacific
S. depressus (S I Smith 1881) Syn: Arctus depressus S.I. Smith, 1881; S. nearctus Holthuis, 1960 - West Central Atlantic
S. dubius Holthuis, 1963 - Australia
S. faxoni Bouvier, 1917 - West Central Atlantic
S. gibberosus (De Man, 1905) Syn: S. sordidus Nobili, 1905 (not Stimpson, 1860); Arctus gibberosus De Man, 1905; Arctus nobilii De Man, 1905; Scyllarus paulsoni Nobili, 1906; Scyllarus nitidus Nobili, 1906; Scyllarus nobilii - Nobili, 1906 - Indo-West Pacific
S. kitanoviriosus Harada, 1962 - Japan, Korea
S. lewinsohni Holthuis, 1967 - Red Sea
S. longidactylus Harada, 1962 - Japan
S. martensii Pfeffer, 1881 - Indo-West Pacific
S. mawsoni (Bage, 1938) Syn: Arctus mawsoni Bage, 1938 - Australia
S. modestus Holthuis, 1960 - Hawaiian Islands
S. ornatus Holthuis, 1960 - Indo-West Pacific
S. paradoxus Miers, 1881 Syn: S. (Arctus) arctus paradoxus (Miers, 1881) - West Africa
S. planorbis Holthuis, 1969 - Caribbean Sea
S. posteli Forest, 1963 - East Central Atlantic
S. pumilus Nobili, 1905 Syn: S. thiriouxi Bouvier, 1914 - Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean
S. pygmaeus (Bate, 1888) - East Central Atlantic
S. rubens (Alcock and Anderson 1894) Syn: Arctus rubens Alcock and Anderson, 1860 - Indo-West Pacific
S. rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 - Indo-West Pacific
S. sordidus (Stimpson, 1860) Syn: Arctus sordidus Stimpson, 1860 - Indo-West Pacific
S. subarctus Crosnier, 1970 - West Africa
S. timidus Holthuis, 1960 - Indo-West Pacific
S. umbilicatus Holthuis, 1977 - Eastern Australia
S. vitiensis (Dana, 1852) Syn: Arctus vitiensis Dana, 1852 - Indo-West Pacific