Literature
- Fischer, W. (ed.) 1978. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), vol. 6:pag.var.
- Latreille, P.A. 1804. Des langoustes du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Annales Muséum Histoire naturelle Paris, 3:388-395.
- Williams, A.B. 1986. Lobsters - Identification, world distribution, and U.S. trade. Marine Fisheries Review, 48(2):1-36, figs 1-80.